ATM robberies, particularly those involving explosives, represent a significant and evolving challenge for law enforcement agencies worldwide. This article delves into the methods, perpetrators, impact, and countermeasures associated with ATM robberies, with a focus on explosive techniques and the involvement of organized crime. The rise in such crimes, especially in cash-driven societies, underscores the need for enhanced security measures and international cooperation.
Methods and Techniques
ATM robberies have evolved from simple smash-and-grab tactics to sophisticated operations involving explosives and advanced tools. The techniques employed by criminals vary, but they often involve a combination of planning, technical expertise, and access to illicit materials.
• Gas Explosions: One common method involves using an explosive gas mixture to blow up the ATM. This technique requires special silicone or another strong sealing material, an industrial hose, an explosive gas mixture, a fuse, and a lighter. Criminals seal the entire ATM except for a small crack, insert the hose, and fill the ATM with gas. The gas is then ignited from a safe distance, causing an explosion that smashes the cash boxes open.
• High-Potency Explosives: A more dangerous and increasingly popular method involves using high-potency explosives made from substances like semtex and BKKS. These explosives can not only destroy the ATM but also the surrounding area. The use of such explosives has become prevalent, with German police reporting that over 87 percent of ATM robberies in 2022 were carried out using these highly dangerous materials.
• Tools and Equipment: The heists often involve the use of stolen cars to avoid detection, and other tools. In some instances, criminals have been seen using Kalashnikovs and other weapons to fend off law enforcement.
Case Studies
Several high-profile cases illustrate the audacity and sophistication of ATM robberies involving explosives.
• Kirsten, Germany (2023): In Kirsten, Germany, masked men used explosives to blow up an ATM in the middle of the night. Despite a badly placed explosive requiring a second attempt, the criminals successfully cracked the ATM. A high-speed chase ensued, with the suspects using laser pointers to blind the police. Although the police initially lost the suspects, a helicopter equipped with infrared cameras tracked them, leading to their capture.
• Gander Casey, Germany: Residents of Gander Casey were awakened by loud explosions as robbers targeted an ATM. The criminals managed to escape, leading to a high-speed chase that included a police helicopter.
• Breda, Netherlands: In Breda, Netherlands, masked men broke into a shopping center and used explosives to destroy an ATM. They were spotted by police and engaged in a high-speed chase towards the Belgian border. The suspects fired at authorities with a Kalashnikov before crashing their car and attempting to flee on foot. A large-scale manhunt involving police dogs and helicopters eventually led to their capture.
The Role of Organized Crime
Organized crime plays a significant role in ATM robberies, providing resources, training, and networks for the perpetrators.
• Mokra Mafia: Many ATM robbers are suspected of being part of North African organized crime structures, such as the Mokra Mafia. This group, operating in the Netherlands and Belgium, is linked to drug cartels, weapons, and even the Iranian Secret Service.
• Tagi Clan: The Tagi Clan, led by Ridwan Tagi, has direct connections to several ATM robberies. Anwar Tagi, Ridwan's cousin, was arrested after an ATM robbery in Germany.
• Criminal Structure: German police reported that up to 700 North African men are part of a professional criminal structure involved in ATM robberies. These criminals are highly experienced and know exactly what they are doing.
Training and Education
The sophistication of ATM robberies suggests that many perpetrators receive training and education in explosive techniques and security vulnerabilities.
• ATM Robbing Schools: Authorities uncovered an in-person and online ATM robbing school that taught crime groups how to crack ATMs. The gang recorded step-by-step tutorials and sold them through encrypted channels.
• Explosives Expertise: The use of high-potency explosives indicates that criminals have access to expert knowledge and resources for acquiring and handling these dangerous materials.
Impact and Consequences
The impact of ATM robberies extends beyond financial losses, affecting communities and businesses.
• Financial Losses: ATM robberies result in significant financial losses, with individual ATMs containing anywhere from 20,000 to 60,000 Euros. One group was responsible for over 2 million euros in damages across 15 German ATMs.
• Collateral Damage: The use of explosives can cause extensive damage to the surrounding area, endangering people and property.
• Community Impact: ATM robberies can create a sense of insecurity and fear within communities, especially when they involve violence or high-speed chases.
Law Enforcement and Countermeasures
Combating ATM robberies requires a multifaceted approach involving law enforcement, technological advancements, and international cooperation.
• Joint Investigation Teams: German and Dutch police, along with Europol, have formed joint investigation teams to combat ATM crackers. These teams trace ATMs back to criminal networks and make arrests.
• Manhunts and Apprehensions: Law enforcement agencies conduct large-scale manhunts using police dogs, helicopters, and ground units to capture fleeing suspects.
• Technological Measures: The use of infrared cameras on helicopters helps track suspects in wooded areas.
• Security Measures: Banks and ATM operators are encouraged to enhance security measures, such as reinforcing ATMs and installing advanced surveillance systems.
The German Context
Germany, with its cash-driven society and numerous ATMs, has become a hotspot for ATM robberies. The country experienced over 450 cash machine robberies in 2022, more than ever before. The relatively low security of ATMs, protected only by old security cameras, makes them vulnerable targets.
The Dutch Underworld
The Netherlands, particularly cities like Amsterdam and Utrecht, plays a significant role in the ATM robbery landscape. The Mokra Mafia and other criminal organizations have strong roots in these cities, facilitating the training, recruitment, and execution of ATM robberies.
Conclusion
ATM robberies involving explosives represent a complex and persistent threat, driven by organized crime, technological advancements, and the lure of easy money. The methods employed by criminals are becoming increasingly sophisticated, requiring law enforcement agencies to adapt and enhance their countermeasures. International cooperation, advanced technology, and improved security measures are essential to combating this evolving form of crime. The ongoing challenge underscores the need for vigilance and proactive strategies to protect communities and financial institutions from the devastating impact of ATM robberies.
Key Takeaways:
• ATM robberies increasingly involve explosives and organized crime.
• Gas explosions and high-potency explosives are common techniques.
• The Mokra Mafia and Tagi Clan are linked to ATM robberies.
• Training schools provide criminals with the knowledge to crack ATMs.
• International cooperation and advanced technology are crucial for combating ATM robberies.
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